{"id":"W2746592322","doi":"10.5539/ijsp.v6n5p140","title":"Model-based Informal Inference","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Statistics and Probability","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Inference; Computer science; Simple (philosophy); Statistical inference; Linear model; Informal logic; Informal learning; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Psychology; Epistemology; Statistics; Pedagogy; Argumentation theory","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009889419,0.00008081189,0.0001625839,0.00005696989,0.000115547,0.0001909442,0.0003968668,0.00003824244,0.00006300704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0150441,0.0000652016,0.00003328207,0.00000935468,0.0002054887,0.0001594496,0.00007128217,0.0001447693,0.000001308531],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003168681,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002752912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009341651,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001840346,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990674,0.00004337619,0.0004186913,0.00007694426,0.0003061851,0.00008746586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967213,0.00124516,0.0006817179,0.0001874455,0.001088505,0.00007584796],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001766749,0.0001631173,0.02194829,0.00008351763,0.00007552531,0.00001434746,0.0004889017,0.0003115158,0.00004535546,0.9028599,0.003841889,0.06999092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004519049,0.00006212189,0.02486057,0.00003520495,0.00002217531,0.00001424147,0.0000247428,0.01807101,0.0001367682,0.9552602,0.0009836423,0.00007737853],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.06284755,0.00001267944,0.9338846,0.0007908555,0.0009927209,0.00006624827,0.0003223682,0.000006242221,0.001076708],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4751706,0.00002549859,0.5246025,0.00006396471,0.00005567574,0.000001444363,0.000002897601,0.000003254549,0.00007414704],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.412323,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9932526,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.238630292600838,"score_gpt":0.4652744451077353,"score_spread":0.2266441525068973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}