{"id":"W2746830633","doi":"10.1002/pam.22135","title":"School Starting Age and Cognitive Development","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","topic":"Birth, Development, and Health","field":"Medicine","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Ethnic group; Demography; Poverty; Population; Cognitive development; Test (biology); Educational attainment; Psychology; Regression discontinuity design; Standardized test; Cognition; Developmental psychology; Medicine; Sociology; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001395757,0.0002052508,0.0002626307,0.001807655,0.0004765025,0.0008180669,0.0007004954,0.0004347859,0.006201442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01191573,0.0001378191,0.0005967441,0.00116703,0.0002632852,0.0003476741,0.0006146866,0.0006753661,0.0003777252],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006221653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005512213,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02389503,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02803863,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993042,0.0001821683,0.00005402503,0.0001417569,0.0001379946,0.0001799006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9764698,0.007861566,0.0107022,0.0008980021,0.001426235,0.002642178],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006432548,0.00005398596,0.9977876,0.0000093741,0.00004944081,0.00003010732,0.00006283659,0.00008392394,0.00004707374,0.00008924971,0.0001196725,0.001602429],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001360197,0.00003483976,0.9996151,0.000006655997,0.00001227588,0.00001316464,0.000041992,0.00008504732,0.00003258315,0.00002231085,0.0001334708,0.000001255672],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99644,0.0003219849,0.0001370719,0.0001322628,0.000007892217,0.000006480282,0.001449612,0.00001338534,0.001491316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989418,0.00006793473,0.00008353127,0.00001390442,0.0000050816,0.000005272138,0.0005608125,0.000002089952,0.0003194864],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02389503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04751188,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02028350263940602,"score_gpt":0.3238604226418701,"score_spread":0.3035769200024641,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}