{"id":"W2746830633","doi":"10.1002/pam.22135","title":"School Starting Age and Cognitive Development","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","topic":"Birth, Development, and Health","field":"Medicine","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Ethnic group; Demography; Poverty; Population; Cognitive development; Test (biology); Educational attainment; Psychology; Regression discontinuity design; Standardized test; Cognition; Developmental psychology; Medicine; Sociology; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006204484,0.0001123898,0.0004371475,0.0009060414,0.00008000995,0.00004207685,0.00003921026,0.00003376536,0.00009030596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004168944,0.00008513902,0.00009019953,0.0004605193,0.00002476584,0.00008265798,0.00006895314,0.000141853,0.00001214584],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008755573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001372381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005569005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000577693,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988325,0.00002881502,0.0004982448,0.0001462581,0.0002872599,0.0002068775],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992098,0.0000261412,0.0003073581,0.00007775585,0.0001018555,0.0002770622],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006711037,0.0004988565,0.7428325,0.002241795,0.0241679,0.0009572522,0.008312837,0.00001802387,0.0005549569,0.03976139,0.002488528,0.1774949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001939036,0.0001761569,0.9873208,0.000267493,0.001970425,0.00002318743,0.002524214,0.00005467641,0.000144508,0.001166362,0.004288195,0.0001249016],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9839294,0.0004638446,0.001292227,0.002269333,0.00003286963,0.000218471,9.41391e-7,0.000006036611,0.01178689],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.974251,0.01692779,0.005027802,0.002931039,0.0001031027,0.000002263372,0.000003479735,0.000007405685,0.0007461503],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2444884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3471869,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02028350263940602,"score_gpt":0.3238604226418701,"score_spread":0.3035769200024641,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}