{"id":"W2747609073","doi":"","title":"The Power of Words: Improving Immigrants’ Literacy Skills","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"C.D. Howe Institute Commentary","topic":"Education Systems and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Employability; Earnings; Literacy; Fluency; Earnings growth; Language proficiency; Demographic economics; Productivity; Higher education; Political science; Labour economics; Psychology; Economics; Economic growth; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Accounting","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008129912,0.00009960566,0.0001438379,0.00004252865,0.00325739,0.0003966336,0.0009116284,0.00005459894,0.00007580313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002827126,0.00007454221,0.00008976831,0.00007327292,0.0007069656,0.0008312453,0.000133614,0.0001245206,0.00003022815],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008138497,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001794695,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02933176,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004271379,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989347,0.0001045125,0.0002788923,0.0001428954,0.0002463119,0.000292716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998574,0.000152794,0.0003420438,0.0007173974,0.0001020679,0.0001117604],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003809519,0.0004062668,0.2310306,0.00005747647,0.0001560033,0.00001210895,0.318279,0.000001364027,0.000550927,0.07054221,0.1959704,0.1829556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002154771,0.00001643186,0.02251159,0.00007701363,0.000008640455,9.135599e-7,0.01189345,0.000001043826,0.0001722958,0.0003874646,0.9646091,0.0001065376],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9088279,0.0006001027,0.00004369966,0.05939792,0.005423475,0.0003576219,0.00002835026,0.00003204363,0.02528891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946599,0.0002741705,0.0001447298,0.002460393,0.0007268193,0.00001945692,0.000005523236,0.000007812066,0.001701191],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7686387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980403,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02323159845370539,"score_gpt":0.3596269377972217,"score_spread":0.3363953393435163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}