{"id":"W2752198235","doi":"10.1145/3084288","title":"Encoding Arguments","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"ACM Computing Surveys","topic":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Probabilistic logic; Lemma (botany); Encoding (memory); Mathematical proof; Computer science; Generalization; Simple (philosophy); Theoretical computer science; Event (particle physics); Object (grammar); Set (abstract data type); Algorithm; Discrete mathematics; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Programming language","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","open_science"],"consensus_categories":["open_science"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01030921,0.001071659,0.003070366,0.0004488735,0.00095663,0.001632423,0.01538871,0.0005072881,0.00001886992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002961127,0.0009704169,0.00100474,0.0007116308,0.0001624481,0.0004957106,0.01181191,0.001141752,0.0006642306],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004043539,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006308626,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001399056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000133897,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9906744,0.003579975,0.001474575,0.002177482,0.0008762723,0.001217282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9865873,0.003542716,0.001621394,0.007691293,0.0002456539,0.0003116496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[1.061873e-7,0.0000661699,0.00008727508,0.001925347,0.0001059657,0.00006982708,0.00007188314,0.00001182187,3.314292e-8,0.0003988451,0.0003500528,0.9969127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002143152,0.00007119249,0.0004719944,0.006028411,0.0001135941,0.0001753508,0.000001603293,0.007038155,5.974717e-7,0.002144406,0.982379,0.001361375],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000003291836,0.7311701,0.2613115,0.00004388228,0.004273477,0.0006864477,0.0000112491,0.0006820984,0.001817958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001562234,0.9174284,0.08081324,0.00004604872,0.0009686681,0.00002313824,0.00005666672,0.00009743986,0.0004101243],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9955513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999404,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2212533433874018,"score_gpt":0.4090374100271108,"score_spread":0.187784066639709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}