{"id":"W2754254867","doi":"10.2118/187520-ms","title":"A Quantitative and Visual Experimental Study: Effect of Fracture Roughness on Proppant Transport in a Vertical Fracture","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Eastern Regional Meeting","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Fracture (geology); Geology; Surface finish; Fractal dimension; Geotechnical engineering; Surface roughness; Fractal; Hydraulic fracturing; Materials science; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000264888,0.0002343583,0.0004241344,0.0001075479,0.0001154494,0.00003789157,0.0001713028,0.0001064622,0.000009527658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006431722,0.000172935,0.0000928041,0.00005296582,0.00009295639,0.0001260531,0.00003046106,0.0003245292,0.000005177573],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003515224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001045275,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003678667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001780022,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987898,0.00008196521,0.0002655845,0.0002778859,0.0003510258,0.0002337272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994844,0.0001400518,0.00006375952,0.0002091315,0.0000189466,0.00008368023],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002468736,0.001293797,0.6637594,0.0007480761,0.000795167,0.0007062338,0.014314,0.3060811,0.007726041,0.00001701526,0.00006299129,0.002027387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006441263,0.004790251,0.6395033,0.002498544,0.0002496433,0.00002996439,0.005441002,0.2549008,0.08463771,0.00003766009,0.0003888042,0.0010811],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983281,0.0003529906,0.0002585009,0.0002336227,0.00007218621,0.0002677836,0.000001336294,0.00003535434,0.0004501547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999744,0.000008702786,0.00005244279,0.00002906193,0.00008926906,0.00002188365,0.000003849809,0.00002980777,0.00002096237],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07691167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7052085,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0166601264292252,"score_gpt":0.3011743551324075,"score_spread":0.2845142287031823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}