{"id":"W2755112336","doi":"10.5539/elt.v10n10p92","title":"Explicit and Implicit Grammar Instructions in Higher Learning Institutions","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Grammar; Dilemma; Mathematics education; Psychology; Teaching method; Linguistics; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006023893,0.0001730183,0.0001999089,0.0001749347,0.003183608,0.0008907343,0.0002478352,0.00006562078,0.0004221193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009266819,0.0001662256,0.00005466388,0.0000158253,0.0001594635,0.0007884334,0.0001426317,0.001448757,0.000017809],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000508157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001958295,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004514769,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002440103,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989008,0.0001626712,0.0002131233,0.0002852286,0.0001259364,0.0003122758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993187,0.00009062908,0.0001381925,0.0003536179,0.00002049249,0.00007837268],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004681494,0.00003573724,0.01068922,0.00002038172,0.0000192899,0.00002844579,0.5393924,0.00008802655,0.0002184545,0.422935,0.0001019156,0.02646645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001301884,0.00008271792,0.01316147,0.0002952151,0.00004480448,0.00001561063,0.2837341,0.0003166463,0.0000285993,0.0007224247,0.6995911,0.0007054658],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7455788,0.0001723398,0.00003804299,0.0002001646,0.0007650286,0.00007415422,0.000004011465,0.0002493982,0.2529181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9870192,0.000008318684,0.0002851459,0.00008241121,0.00162103,0.00001841264,0.00001676152,0.000029794,0.01091891],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6994892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981141,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04886982820569382,"score_gpt":0.291374942484424,"score_spread":0.2425051142787301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}