{"id":"W2758554686","doi":"10.1029/2019ja027067","title":"Drift‐Bounce Resonance Between Charged Particles and Ultralow Frequency Waves: Theory and Observations","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Physics; Resonance (particle physics); Pitch angle; Charged particle; Spacecraft; Computational physics; Particle (ecology); Geophysics; Ion; Atomic physics; Geology; Astronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009140686,0.000187275,0.0003990099,0.00003054698,0.0002066473,0.0001440282,0.0002459147,0.00005139939,0.00005511738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000978704,0.0001557677,0.0001181109,0.0003682766,0.000292767,0.0006371936,0.00008369644,0.00080537,0.00003689298],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003260159,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002011498,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001512455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003103083,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980401,0.0002887897,0.0003211736,0.000253466,0.000599591,0.0004968856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976007,0.001183794,0.0002033617,0.0002650683,0.0004930396,0.0002539913],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001078671,0.0002276888,0.2316078,0.00005539959,0.0001405432,0.000005805689,0.0008583667,0.00001928439,0.04402188,0.6820539,0.000529046,0.04037243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001056946,0.0006373487,0.221314,0.000149012,0.000050381,0.000001625638,0.001249818,0.0009012336,0.003081444,0.7693803,0.001884124,0.0002938001],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941924,0.000289002,0.003367861,0.0007418534,0.00006913985,0.0002215445,0.00003360668,0.000008802157,0.001075811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955179,0.00008839362,0.002263651,0.00003149518,0.0008976699,0.000006340156,0.000007512485,0.00002618049,0.001160827],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08732636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6352023,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02889728305836206,"score_gpt":0.3008365407660304,"score_spread":0.2719392577076684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}