{"id":"W2758692702","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2017.1384154","title":"Hamm &amp; Spaaij’s <i>The Age of Lone Wolf Terrorism</i> and the prospect of a heterodox terrorism studies <b>The age of lone wolf terrorism</b> , by Mark S. Hamm and Ramon Spaaij, New York, Columbia University Press, 2017, 322 pp., £27.95 (hardcover) ISBN 9780231181747, £27.9 (e-book) ISBN 9780231543774.","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","topic":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Terrorism; Political science; Counter terrorism; Sociology; Law; Media studies; Law and economics; Political economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003884878,0.001303596,0.003059412,0.0001382385,0.003540261,0.0005672382,0.003200581,0.0007236492,0.00007407561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00490512,0.0009521259,0.0008087644,0.0004437649,0.02275894,0.0009960455,0.002013564,0.001673052,0.00002895708],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004031622,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002723487,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02311758,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01142801,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9897986,0.001793063,0.002190363,0.001836877,0.002266917,0.002114148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.990006,0.004095648,0.001523203,0.002925371,0.0007780509,0.0006716725],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00273196,0.001424699,0.008491018,0.001686588,0.00251007,0.0003557699,0.2197276,0.000004975524,0.001384084,0.004483978,0.7526906,0.004508666],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01223622,0.002538227,0.01737441,0.003955645,0.003381184,0.00007896368,0.353188,0.00006450363,0.001731737,0.01381116,0.5883234,0.003316556],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7152171,0.167106,0.0006689581,0.09257878,0.009483413,0.007323228,0.001458815,0.0004140216,0.005749718],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9508412,0.03100309,0.0001221161,0.00152895,0.0009676963,0.00009722718,0.00002714578,0.000119787,0.01529273],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2356242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05298501187066531,"score_gpt":0.318238489414776,"score_spread":0.2652534775441107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}