{"id":"W2759392336","doi":"10.3390/met7100407","title":"Numerical Simulation of Ti/Al Bimetal Composite Fabricated by Explosive Welding","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metals","topic":"High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Explosion welding; Detonation; Explosive material; Materials science; Computer simulation; Bimetal; Welding; Jet (fluid); Mechanics; Shock wave; Shear (geology); Shock (circulatory); Eulerian path; Bending; Structural engineering; Composite material; Engineering; Physics; Lagrangian; Arc welding; Filler metal","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003082106,0.0001551419,0.0003858499,0.0000497566,0.0002775983,0.0002036594,0.0003833607,0.00007039883,0.0007419404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000157217,0.0001319188,0.0000874535,0.00005226642,0.0001293611,0.0005352582,0.0001108878,0.00005470285,0.0004235764],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002920127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001832338,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001807852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.447009e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988113,0.00006567088,0.0003431755,0.0002317772,0.0002875193,0.0002605377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989462,0.00006415194,0.0003763594,0.0004195934,0.00008792432,0.0001057446],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003921353,0.00006900292,0.0003529754,0.000009758034,0.00001181529,0.000002238256,0.0001390535,0.000505354,0.998027,0.00002433824,0.0004580977,0.0003611922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003470895,0.00006389344,0.002484274,0.00001591325,0.00006007596,0.000001903724,0.0000119435,0.0008871046,0.9935439,0.00002114846,0.002401662,0.000161117],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945561,0.00003182235,0.004183462,0.0002438849,0.0004259143,0.0001891522,0.00009843442,0.00006410317,0.0002070792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981499,0.000002751415,0.001485999,0.00005563462,0.00005231125,0.00001075885,0.00002599037,0.00001757644,0.0001991009],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004483087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8123727,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04552322276244655,"score_gpt":0.3400379966857495,"score_spread":0.2945147739233029,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}