{"id":"W2761957138","doi":"10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.140","title":"Virtual Reality and Simulation in Neurosurgical Training","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"World Neurosurgery","topic":"Surgical Simulation and Training","field":"Medicine","cited_by":317,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Medical Research Council Canada","keywords":"Virtual reality; Medicine; Surgical simulation; Robotics; Simulation training; Neuroimaging; Augmented reality; Medical physics; Human–computer interaction; Artificial intelligence; Surgery; Simulation; Robot; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001802805,0.001333674,0.00217005,0.005820269,0.0004556231,0.003000727,0.001630751,0.002684411,0.007367007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00518151,0.0005580721,0.0009347635,0.006496605,0.001670726,0.003429891,0.002009854,0.002342947,0.001598904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001257846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003410866,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004072042,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007637998,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991067,0.0002255275,0.0001967218,0.0001258091,0.0002840991,0.0000611221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962867,0.002670352,0.0003878506,0.0000640147,0.0004537279,0.0001373213],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007455743,0.00006668978,0.0003173195,0.04912969,0.0001767323,0.0001485945,0.0001579189,0.0004162844,0.0002334358,0.003851257,0.02432602,0.9211015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005208011,0.0001206001,0.001905552,0.05108547,0.0006368593,0.001868054,0.000395706,0.0002623088,0.0001932448,0.003225878,0.9401864,0.00006787191],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003881876,0.9990971,0.00005700136,0.0001646591,0.000201273,0.000002558978,0.000007759391,0.000002356848,0.0004285522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0004978098,0.9986612,0.0001088092,0.0002058521,0.0003010528,0.000004019942,0.00001414678,0.000001296812,0.0002057867],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007367007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02464515,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3204258511674202,"score_gpt":0.4364556295917207,"score_spread":0.1160297784243005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}