{"id":"W2763911351","doi":"10.1037/dev0000445","title":"Symbolic number skills predict growth in nonsymbolic number skills in kindergarteners.","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Developmental Psychology","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Arabic numerals; Numeral system; Psychology; Number sense; Test (biology); Numerical cognition; Cognitive psychology; Foundation (evidence); Developmental psychology; Arithmetic; Mathematics education; Cognition; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007614893,0.0005752802,0.0009255822,0.0002697593,0.0002747584,0.0001280049,0.0009670876,0.0004051901,0.002458855],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001283221,0.0005493896,0.0001451561,0.0003336955,0.0003913362,0.0004600814,0.0005051122,0.0005994337,0.00438469],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003048979,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001394463,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001330996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004438884,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961675,0.0001469305,0.001140911,0.0009444508,0.000501444,0.001098699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981699,0.000535315,0.0003437595,0.0005947021,0.00009594844,0.0002603857],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008872675,0.003814931,0.9444598,0.0001206107,0.0001376417,0.0007499742,0.002878227,8.679257e-8,0.000246974,0.01798504,0.01174527,0.01777273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003402716,0.00002794999,0.7377399,0.0003610662,0.00001378992,0.0003928501,0.0002135878,0.000003093944,0.00102368,0.2549991,0.001137981,0.0006842226],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7708589,0.00001249798,0.0001387986,0.0008989337,0.0004589481,0.0006331346,0.00001453085,0.0001288494,0.2268554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9753032,0.0001190113,0.02062908,0.001546759,0.0001061678,0.0001954628,0.00001987992,0.0001125997,0.001967792],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2370141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996958,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02770347540986916,"score_gpt":0.3546676024726063,"score_spread":0.3269641270627371,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}