{"id":"W2766183585","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.167","title":"Model of oxygen bubbles and performance impact in the porous transport layer of PEM water electrolysis cells","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":167,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia; Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","keywords":"Overpotential; Wetting; Electrolysis; Electrolyte; Materials science; Electrolysis of water; Anode; Chemical engineering; Buoyancy; Nucleation; Porosity; Bubble; Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Chemistry; Catalysis; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Electrode; Electrochemistry; Mechanics; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006092402,0.0001741435,0.0004090885,0.0002793218,0.00005398875,0.00003270196,0.001104417,0.00007515739,0.00004029048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001541503,0.0001019919,0.0002318174,0.00004372525,0.00009617578,0.0003630106,0.00004884851,0.0001225247,7.904817e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007468092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001045551,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005845463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001251635,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980533,0.00007424667,0.0008056801,0.0001368855,0.0007037936,0.0002261382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985703,0.00003834485,0.0007121047,0.0003144738,0.0003042753,0.00006045467],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002548841,0.0001033445,0.006581355,0.00001088434,0.0004916271,0.00006738033,0.0005651713,0.60825,0.3810535,0.0006302231,0.00002575397,0.001965866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001085605,0.0002038513,0.003298532,0.00008918917,0.00006897857,0.0003747134,0.00006350873,0.04648245,0.9467006,0.00067769,0.0007968677,0.0001580471],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970749,0.0002798572,0.0002331859,0.0001743907,0.000166106,0.00002433935,0.00001409826,0.000003142518,0.002029977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988529,0.0004569068,0.00009928414,0.00004103218,0.0001943211,0.000003260478,0.000007569022,0.00002294251,0.0003217995],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5656471,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8836631,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0156155286870341,"score_gpt":0.2467922401555514,"score_spread":0.2311767114685173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}