{"id":"W2766354837","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436","title":"History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","topic":"Effects of Radiation Exposure","field":"Medicine","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Bystander effect; Relevance (law); Population; Abscopal effect; Biology; Medicine; Immunology; Genetics; Political science; Immunotherapy; Cancer; Environmental health","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002496539,0.0002634834,0.001735677,0.00240901,0.0000252338,0.0000438705,0.0008759552,0.0005999044,0.0002112442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003061748,0.0002126191,0.0006149758,0.0001407399,0.0002797834,0.0004511187,0.0001010792,0.001172652,0.00004098011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002684834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002332354,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003971134,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004500429,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961508,0.0009804978,0.001414647,0.0002931659,0.000895732,0.000265165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9931861,0.002457827,0.002459008,0.0004187363,0.001329939,0.0001484168],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001365509,0.0001647133,0.0007587392,0.002017092,0.0007588901,0.0002088797,0.0003410306,0.000001614096,0.00002037081,0.0002740918,0.01961392,0.9757041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001737098,0.0005709107,0.0004556412,0.0103825,0.0001865785,0.0005114662,0.00002035304,0.0000224102,0.00002355734,0.0002318142,0.9857231,0.0001345981],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001730169,0.9914696,0.00004409586,0.001739775,0.00519115,0.0005922317,0.00002076877,0.000005933884,0.0007633909],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001971275,0.9951,0.0001226808,0.0002010513,0.001459097,0.00002505915,0.00008436979,0.00003698421,0.0009994969],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9755695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8670354,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1409578533879017,"score_gpt":0.4948399120805456,"score_spread":0.3538820586926439,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}