{"id":"W2766355082","doi":"10.1177/0042098017730013","title":"The diversity of North American shrinking cities","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Urban Studies","topic":"Urbanization and City Planning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Typology; Economic geography; Globalization; Diversity (politics); Resizing; Geography; Population; Population growth; Human capital; Development economics; Distribution (mathematics); Argument (complex analysis); Capital (architecture); Economic growth; Demographic economics; Economics; Political science; Sociology; Demography; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008574582,0.0001441331,0.0002227867,0.002633933,0.002998755,0.001764769,0.0007078012,0.0002648836,0.001818377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001916892,0.0001470059,0.0001393384,0.005517973,0.001801064,0.001227531,0.002982188,0.0004818834,0.0001507063],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001960655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001681126,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06305552,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2284474,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992357,0.0001904189,0.00005911411,0.0001247366,0.0002356977,0.0001543011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989127,0.0001624071,0.0002489761,0.0001371968,0.0003705673,0.0001680991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001705319,0.00005722048,0.5339063,0.0002902947,0.00004994335,0.001143761,0.2881516,0.00110821,0.003051109,0.02727815,0.009114824,0.135678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003956361,0.00004558494,0.7096729,0.0001444001,0.00001989088,0.0007408064,0.2163493,0.0005989306,0.000369102,0.003495306,0.06852648,0.00003322872],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9833955,0.0006182525,0.0002534738,0.0004575263,0.00001036374,0.00001406007,0.0002273536,0.00001008547,0.01501344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963737,0.001192625,0.0003281268,0.00008997776,0.000007148872,0.00002502176,0.0004509849,0.00001120978,0.001521248],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06305552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.125377,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07817109795098239,"score_gpt":0.3281949062320278,"score_spread":0.2500238082810455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}