{"id":"W2766932986","doi":"10.1177/1555343417732856","title":"Levels of Automation in Human Factors Models for Automation Design: Why We Might Consider Throwing the Baby Out With the Bathwater","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making","topic":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","field":"Psychology","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Federal Aviation Administration","keywords":"Automation; Computer science; Throwing; Value (mathematics); Space (punctuation); Human–computer interaction; Data science; Engineering; Machine learning","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0357419,0.00148471,0.001516011,0.002224758,0.003183971,0.009353138,0.003349709,0.005886097,0.003900784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06149078,0.001549796,0.001090153,0.001526921,0.03534968,0.02347934,0.007466411,0.01488385,0.002022425],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005327511,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00460749,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006668227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007029766,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9767973,0.01744904,0.0007345763,0.001589458,0.002743439,0.0006863375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9418683,0.04471477,0.002206196,0.005361907,0.00459009,0.001258684],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007080674,0.00005438045,0.0009357527,0.0002481056,0.00004368534,0.00008000471,0.01077177,0.005228784,0.0001746977,0.9510931,0.007014606,0.02428427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003958087,0.00005146967,0.0002375254,0.0004039768,0.00001963365,0.0000467059,0.001880383,0.005435384,0.0001642673,0.9520077,0.03966146,0.00005184981],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01751912,0.01741473,0.5273648,0.4033696,0.001872144,0.0001280339,0.00008267529,0.0006512612,0.03159769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7646258,0.007514522,0.1873596,0.03056825,0.001006888,0.0005996234,0.00006712874,0.0004681341,0.007790127],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0357419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1890235,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.114423581405533,"score_gpt":0.392168404635185,"score_spread":0.277744823229652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}