{"id":"W2769430664","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3351416","title":"Economics of Ransomware Attacks","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Ransomware; Computer security; Computer science; Internet privacy; Malware","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001439023,0.0003709323,0.000689978,0.001708678,0.0006481008,0.003891759,0.0006757929,0.004119492,0.02197298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008955222,0.0005550208,0.0005176532,0.001070003,0.001554069,0.004027559,0.0009478958,0.002908642,0.001190311],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002739085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001023446,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005070142,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007144301,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990882,0.0003154174,0.00003141846,0.000100611,0.0002364414,0.0002279412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9920624,0.004972111,0.001619823,0.0003170345,0.0004943117,0.0005342236],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007398736,0.0004079783,0.02020076,0.0001626997,0.0001326848,0.0009721226,0.0001644851,0.04549399,0.00109151,0.8715219,0.01670492,0.04240701],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000212197,0.0004807791,0.03043014,0.0002037957,0.0001839518,0.001359457,0.001113359,0.1245669,0.0009730083,0.8157458,0.02460745,0.0001231764],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.538902,0.007062955,0.02600222,0.03339319,0.0003742617,0.0001840407,0.002258416,0.0001999793,0.3916229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9765793,0.001598452,0.0004115321,0.0004470109,0.0002344962,0.00001937851,0.0000922059,0.00001440273,0.02060336],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02197298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07350695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003945135444564269,"score_gpt":0.2188357760777843,"score_spread":0.2148906406332201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}