{"id":"W2769430664","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3351416","title":"Economics of Ransomware Attacks","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Ransomware; Computer security; Computer science; Internet privacy; Malware","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000621855,0.00009868155,0.0001656432,0.0001311134,0.00005018463,0.00003082359,0.0007214995,0.00005478271,0.00001677817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001564528,0.00009487174,0.0001004361,0.0001525537,0.00001885813,0.000553455,0.00008015328,0.0007946035,0.00003950892],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007594498,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006532563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000338213,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984943,0.00003259863,0.0002531584,0.0001830969,0.0001053301,0.0009314656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992827,0.00003402249,0.0002101833,0.0003435537,0.00008710642,0.00004243433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000250824,0.00003661809,0.001120015,0.000009449194,0.00006337978,0.000001190244,0.0001147338,0.0006363999,0.002192163,0.8267081,0.0000408978,0.1690519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007336541,0.0007684225,0.0002327413,0.00002184186,0.00000672284,0.0006856584,0.0001987439,0.002431687,0.03254262,0.954238,0.007868156,0.0002717449],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1180832,0.0004060397,0.8798406,0.0002426744,0.000249854,0.0001009907,6.116484e-7,0.0001083747,0.0009676834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9874071,0.001560144,0.01001196,0.00007036291,0.00005245125,0.000002495123,2.942649e-7,0.00001234575,0.0008828558],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8698286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3868757,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003945135444564269,"score_gpt":0.2188357760777843,"score_spread":0.2148906406332201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}