{"id":"W2769933198","doi":"10.1007/s00128-017-2212-5","title":"Bioavailability of Metsulfuron and Sulfentrazone Herbicides in Soil as Affected by Amendment with Two Contrasting Willow Biochars","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biochar; Bioavailability; Amendment; Pyrolysis; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Charcoal; Willow; Bioassay; Raw material; Adsorption; Agronomy; Botany; Biology; Organic chemistry; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000326268,0.0002129561,0.0003857688,0.00003540009,0.0001903177,0.00001567462,0.0001432377,0.00008146502,0.002160166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057799,0.0001927987,0.00002840713,0.00002311022,0.001945065,0.00008075662,0.0002950709,0.0001095491,0.00001882375],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001375959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003364891,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001608694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006707369,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986323,0.0001018283,0.0003568236,0.0004217313,0.0002273147,0.0002600627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991986,0.0001324626,0.0003675939,0.000210696,0.000002092671,0.00008859481],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000154501,0.0005077408,0.4447534,0.00002559068,0.00003316686,0.0000109587,0.000249968,0.00001984307,0.5432017,0.00005921223,0.0000662517,0.01091761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002350295,0.0009150968,0.9219753,0.00003889555,0.0000386571,0.00001415208,0.000418661,0.00003833818,0.07322586,0.00006815494,0.0007281307,0.0001884264],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964923,0.0004642301,0.0000275529,0.0005883191,0.00002314889,0.0003903069,0.00003454306,0.000006995085,0.001972566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988492,0.0004228958,0.0002695415,0.0001506548,0.000005351018,0.00003076991,0.00001219284,0.00001303659,0.000246345],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4772219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998752,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005115713748687111,"score_gpt":0.2151379375488807,"score_spread":0.2100222238001936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}