{"id":"W2770984632","doi":"10.1126/scirobotics.aaq0495","title":"Biohybrid actuators for robotics: A review of devices actuated by living cells","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Science Robotics","topic":"Micro and Nano Robotics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":526,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Interfacing; Bottleneck; Exploit; Computer science; Actuator; Robotics; Artificial intelligence; Living systems; Robot; Control engineering; Artificial muscle; Biomimetics; Nanotechnology; Engineering; Embedded system; Computer hardware; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001538945,0.0007095631,0.002614327,0.0002686899,0.0005912904,0.0002441728,0.002488088,0.0001576068,0.000131328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002278717,0.000568142,0.0009037679,0.0006989498,0.0007217158,0.0003685784,0.000433999,0.0003633084,0.00006954151],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011934,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001935411,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002992248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001232685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962974,0.00008507031,0.001266642,0.0008670858,0.0005735813,0.0009102458],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950237,0.0005435742,0.002256728,0.001379227,0.0004964138,0.0003003061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[8.408321e-7,0.0001714435,0.0000123764,0.06765267,0.0001729441,7.305501e-7,0.00003086356,0.0001342059,0.00003224802,0.001412394,0.008490133,0.9218891],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001082667,0.00007547842,3.095426e-7,0.1437997,0.001570432,0.000002749056,0.00001642509,0.0002647435,0.0001941029,0.00009965824,0.8530436,0.0008245309],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[2.259354e-7,0.9517076,0.04478534,0.00004804654,0.0008789519,0.001548402,0.0004243052,0.00002792236,0.0005792041],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00002854434,0.9814316,0.01742479,0.00005708183,0.0002230283,0.0000433237,0.0001447588,0.0000785356,0.0005683083],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9210646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999677,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0579497312522801,"score_gpt":0.3692944354843136,"score_spread":0.3113447042320335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}