{"id":"W2771033558","doi":"10.1080/00207233.2017.1389567","title":"The carbon footprint and environmental impact assessment of desalination","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Environmental Studies","topic":"Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Greenhouse gas; Carbon footprint; Environmental impact assessment; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Life-cycle assessment; Environmental protection; Pollution; Environmental pollution; Fossil fuel; Waste management; Engineering; Production (economics); Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000442314,0.000188613,0.0002548719,0.00004064011,0.0004431699,0.00005556078,0.0006360682,0.00003579916,0.00003543685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007355989,0.0001208189,0.0001372914,0.00001243322,0.001199502,0.0001866392,0.001140858,0.0001319727,0.000001793343],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007351464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006971479,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001214713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007917474,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982288,0.00006196791,0.0004944658,0.0001762306,0.000853817,0.0001846666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986476,0.0001421277,0.0009058136,0.000226121,0.00001131775,0.00006699575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001853277,0.0004431005,0.8448395,0.00000520916,0.002080917,0.00007284888,0.001105304,0.0006739612,0.08374091,0.001258226,0.000128964,0.06546573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006773424,0.0003293789,0.9845317,0.00002889659,0.0000574443,0.00007910677,0.00116393,0.000237574,0.006501886,0.005398117,0.0008590289,0.0001356119],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932414,0.001337323,0.00002490121,0.0008949291,0.0005132304,0.00007847775,0.00003441203,0.000002971976,0.003872348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969664,0.002472592,0.0002730557,0.00002047727,0.0001095031,0.00000610244,0.000001598046,0.00001287018,0.0001374304],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1396922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.492685,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01789934545175453,"score_gpt":0.3190031721726957,"score_spread":0.3011038267209412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}