{"id":"W2772214104","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2017.12.027","title":"Revealing the formation mechanism of ultrahard nanotwinned diamond from onion carbon","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carbon","topic":"Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Basic Energy Sciences; Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Nuclear Security Administration; Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Office of Science; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Diamond; Materials science; Carbon fibers; Transmission electron microscopy; Stacking; Composite material; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Composite number","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009625907,0.0001727794,0.0002919009,0.00005636996,0.0002890459,0.0002778405,0.0007917377,0.0001218466,0.00007327143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004593535,0.0001230126,0.00007881242,0.00005340744,0.0001683543,0.0002227725,0.0001691411,0.0001143213,0.00001469913],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006009026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009325933,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003627249,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001162505,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982948,0.000175348,0.0003679088,0.0002927701,0.0005075466,0.0003616654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982586,0.0001328296,0.00037669,0.001006377,0.0001200032,0.0001055277],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000543913,0.00002107353,0.0001083526,0.00003962557,0.00000615992,0.000004576836,0.0003672812,0.000008649189,0.9979789,0.0006529377,0.00003976656,0.0007182781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003985452,0.00006358975,0.0007473137,0.0001087718,0.00002647206,0.000001126062,0.0001476918,0.001429671,0.9930242,0.003781017,0.000120898,0.0001506882],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904598,0.0001583891,0.00004020701,0.0003950321,0.001128726,0.0003135975,0.000068762,0.00005001589,0.007385489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992586,0.00006273574,0.0001080855,0.00006118626,0.0003059909,0.0000474331,0.00002018996,0.00002423077,0.0001115306],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008798836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.548334,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02344974255663463,"score_gpt":0.2652181702601069,"score_spread":0.2417684277034722,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}