{"id":"W2775287169","doi":"10.5539/elt.v11n1p141","title":"Earlier is Better: Learning English in Saudi Arabia","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Foreign language; Feeling; Language acquisition; Period (music); Second-language acquisition; Language assessment; Study abroad; Linguistics; Silent period; Comprehension approach; Order (exchange); Language education; Mathematics education; Social psychology; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008309262,0.0002874005,0.0003108285,0.000518475,0.002853743,0.001749042,0.0004418633,0.0007163351,0.004470459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001307494,0.0002482933,0.0002388622,0.0007425797,0.0008865374,0.001274545,0.001136454,0.0010471,0.0007037078],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002506493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002369572,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1375543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2112916,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994739,0.0001179728,0.00003623563,0.00005197112,0.000108576,0.0002113935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989185,0.0001662103,0.0003102893,0.00001978025,0.0002460851,0.0003390728],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002867597,0.0007828879,0.6373146,0.000262944,0.00003310859,0.003169682,0.3314041,0.00007503329,0.002081772,0.0008780814,0.002421882,0.02128905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001363455,0.0003488168,0.4171731,0.000144289,0.00002076536,0.0006171789,0.5754217,0.0001562236,0.0004277489,0.0001317837,0.005513939,0.00003091428],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988945,0.0001280317,0.00000699555,0.0003018068,0.00000840082,0.000004542555,0.00003188875,5.28801e-7,0.0006232127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978034,0.0003610762,0.00002497679,0.0002192199,0.00000644807,0.000007220497,0.00003987448,0.000001401956,0.001536427],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1375543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2735072,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02840411079373359,"score_gpt":0.4015194279363405,"score_spread":0.3731153171426069,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}