{"id":"W2779485832","doi":"10.1007/s11814-017-0296-6","title":"Coal structure change by ionic liquid pretreatment for enhancement of fixed-bed gasification with steam and CO2","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Coal Properties and Utilization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Coal; Chemistry; Ionic liquid; Syngas; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Coal gasification; Carbon fibers; Chemical engineering; Nuclear chemistry; Hydrogen; Catalysis; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Materials science; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001137203,0.0003376791,0.0002490482,0.0001888185,0.0001645524,0.0002235655,0.0002566839,0.0002516482,0.0008662497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001349302,0.0001859054,0.0003940341,0.0001627943,0.0002095492,0.0003672669,0.0001777455,0.0003743221,0.0001739005],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002024284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002840577,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001039219,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002279948,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999272,0.000007884989,0.000005039626,0.00001276949,0.00002216488,0.00002505037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999601,0.0000074067,0.000009330402,0.000002805323,0.00001216242,0.000008237703],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002446623,0.00004924556,0.0001758255,0.00007388568,0.000008603042,0.00006041309,0.00002596797,0.0002468233,0.9959821,0.0001048391,0.00003760967,0.00299019],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001562044,0.0001419349,0.0008508959,0.000002229802,0.00001547708,0.00003024612,0.00001973141,0.001782574,0.9967312,0.00002160612,0.0003821903,0.000006373249],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966948,0.0004745138,0.001653413,0.00004495386,0.00002861608,0.00001516768,0.00002883892,0.00003279836,0.001026815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986022,0.0001959127,0.0005669988,0.00001528302,0.000004268186,0.000005576424,0.00002699461,0.000006706455,0.0005760813],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001039219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002897918,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01186647754597848,"score_gpt":0.2051879970385788,"score_spread":0.1933215194926003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}