{"id":"W2784371996","doi":"10.20381/ruor-21445","title":"Earnings Differentials between Immigrants and Non-Immigrants in Canada due to Lower Returns to Immigrants' Human Capital","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"uO Research (University of Ottawa)","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Earnings; Demographic economics; Human capital; Labour economics; Economics; Political science; Economic growth; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004810168,0.0002147702,0.0003292208,0.0009075294,0.002268426,0.001526122,0.000999366,0.0005461684,0.004878243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002032846,0.0001602149,0.0005417418,0.001698772,0.0008289448,0.0004406132,0.001227089,0.0009778356,0.0003240646],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01408315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01554365,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9862726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9919619,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993275,0.00003817827,0.00003131045,0.00007859505,0.0001051827,0.0004192218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998098,0.0001359977,0.0003939629,0.00004016735,0.0004843766,0.0008476035],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00053641,0.00009918967,0.9856,0.00002298245,0.00007409449,0.0003612965,0.001721568,0.0002941021,0.0003675496,0.0007482879,0.002352193,0.007822345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001563937,0.00001582698,0.9957998,0.00001255921,0.00001882071,0.0000352401,0.003348526,0.000146916,0.00005138359,0.00006257043,0.000485283,0.000007336403],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972928,0.000201266,0.00001328182,0.0005078681,0.00001356192,0.000005171767,0.0006631814,0.0000032935,0.001299544],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971897,0.0001193958,0.00001728503,0.0000831436,0.000005621312,0.000002174003,0.0004884465,0.000001712465,0.002092577],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01408315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1021808,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03137063634039024,"score_gpt":0.3160319040648711,"score_spread":0.2846612677244809,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}