{"id":"W2784473672","doi":"10.7202/1050813ar","title":"What Features Best Characterize Adult Second Language Utterance Fluency and What Do They Reveal About Fluency Gains in Short-Term Immersion?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Concordia University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Fluency; Utterance; Psychology; Syllable; Phonation; Linguistics; Speech recognition; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001469726,0.0003311564,0.0003478247,0.001230112,0.0002643437,0.001199132,0.0002927001,0.0005176762,0.001165028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009341171,0.0001333109,0.0003030491,0.0005496931,0.0006643276,0.001306175,0.0007284324,0.0004096953,0.0002233584],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003551512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002489157,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001813661,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002447685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994259,0.0001430075,0.00005071784,0.0001198321,0.0001943902,0.00006614361],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956554,0.002123128,0.001240977,0.0002582131,0.000498626,0.0002236384],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002041984,0.0003460575,0.7024173,0.0006056171,0.0002306736,0.0005392609,0.02843244,0.0005919632,0.04518343,0.001025069,0.000576467,0.2180097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008746346,0.0004200639,0.9908043,0.00002971129,0.00004328205,0.0003853672,0.004265155,0.0004099995,0.002664316,0.0005603841,0.0003819918,0.00002667634],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971083,0.0001672212,0.001551714,0.00003112369,0.000004158839,0.0000189923,0.0001079076,0.00001635015,0.0009942608],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987534,0.00006989371,0.0008430831,0.00001239101,0.000006295307,0.00002999513,0.0001118045,0.000007358949,0.000165694],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001813661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007772803,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02142635012169844,"score_gpt":0.3252128489910599,"score_spread":0.3037864988693615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}