{"id":"W2784922597","doi":"10.1515/mp-2016-0007","title":"Mary Shepherd on Causal Necessity","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metaphysica","topic":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","field":"Psychology","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Premise; Causation; Epistemology; Metaphysics; Object (grammar); Philosophy; Causality (physics); Ontology; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001663384,0.00009934168,0.0001329767,0.00002417983,0.00007065495,0.000009909222,0.0002669693,0.00004330238,0.002631773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003194188,0.00005447873,0.00008268041,0.0001592322,0.000261945,0.00007706749,0.00004419646,0.00007901449,0.005297108],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001387856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006829513,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001230706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.086223e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990454,0.0001280188,0.00009108764,0.0003018866,0.0001684872,0.0002651636],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992434,0.0002193343,0.00003311184,0.0003842145,0.0000136281,0.0001063183],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005845588,0.0001675413,0.0001348182,8.624445e-7,0.00002232277,0.00001362888,0.00007573914,6.689917e-8,0.005928573,0.9492202,0.001798478,0.04257933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004264294,0.000234345,0.04851785,0.00001601745,0.00002089159,0.000002045605,0.000009362004,0.000002613674,0.005540697,0.9281524,0.01688663,0.000190671],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2536093,0.00002079017,0.0007840716,0.00494568,0.0005223513,0.00006499945,0.00001355118,0.00007617193,0.7399631],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963736,0.000001804116,0.00005420062,0.0008633076,0.0002869088,0.00001363268,5.436395e-7,0.000007491172,0.002398534],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7427643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982799,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0254190516765797,"score_gpt":0.3021737170414233,"score_spread":0.2767546653648436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}