{"id":"W2785792178","doi":"10.1177/0958928717700564","title":"The case for welfare state universalism, or the lasting relevance of the paradox of redistribution","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of European Social Policy","topic":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Universalism; Operationalization; Redistribution (election); Redistribution of income and wealth; Welfare state; Argument (complex analysis); Positive economics; Poverty; Economics; Politics; Welfare; Public economics; Neoclassical economics; Political science; Sociology; Economic growth; Public good; Law; Market economy; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002036734,0.00008407844,0.0001819411,0.00002987055,0.003761094,0.00003424997,0.0004922185,0.00003644288,0.000001848703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003700025,0.00003335729,0.0002351829,0.0004946365,0.002081842,0.0001102355,0.00009963597,0.0001756495,6.771365e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001089183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003366313,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001097148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001344068,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982051,0.0007201971,0.0004520693,0.0000617804,0.0002916471,0.0002691984],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975448,0.0004733676,0.001147148,0.0001020644,0.0006892637,0.00004330503],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009974682,0.0001144017,0.000174546,0.00007207527,0.0005202553,0.00006769276,0.2997028,0.00000965827,0.0003965545,0.5778192,0.04499053,0.07513487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00177017,0.0006801526,0.01450349,0.0001729192,0.0002594854,0.00009758045,0.2192471,0.00001566278,0.0008043512,0.04677915,0.7153848,0.0002851508],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6250797,0.0003263051,0.0002626756,0.2972714,0.002672373,0.0009866431,0.0004180062,0.00003598392,0.0729469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899009,0.0002040218,0.00001427081,0.0001553447,0.008955254,6.646337e-7,1.932407e-7,0.00001126312,0.0007580364],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6703943,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975359,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04331353503707856,"score_gpt":0.3564143436480617,"score_spread":0.3131008086109831,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}