{"id":"W2788692004","doi":"10.15353/rea.v10i3.1445","title":"Economic Growth and the Public Sector: A Comparison of Canada and Italy, 1870-2013","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Review of Economic Analysis","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Lakehead University","funders":"Australian Government","keywords":"Public sector; Government (linguistics); Economics; Central government; Government spending; Economic sector; Public spending; Private sector; Economic policy; Development economics; Economy; Economic growth; Political science; Market economy; Local government; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001775427,0.000470068,0.004120036,0.000508726,0.0001129733,0.00008962471,0.0007576826,0.0002384262,0.0006905653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001820916,0.0004362357,0.0008102516,0.0001676613,0.0007256494,0.000173102,0.0007738124,0.0003397665,0.00004349798],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003820272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004671791,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3185996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3125767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9955508,0.0001003563,0.002973673,0.000923832,0.00003915168,0.0004121698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994742,0.0003365857,0.003618347,0.001064367,0.00003994731,0.0001987533],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005144747,0.00006877655,0.4826207,0.01279351,0.0111536,6.311359e-7,0.0003869045,0.0002597045,2.575996e-7,0.4672416,0.02493847,0.0004843592],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006678473,0.0003420564,0.1445198,0.0050409,0.01166734,0.00003303981,0.0004889998,0.218644,0.0001261002,0.5440004,0.06273593,0.00572293],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5696226,0.3743272,0.0001609131,0.01137662,0.0009265607,0.00126588,0.003372957,0.0000245006,0.03892281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9261767,0.0727993,0.000122688,0.0004356428,0.0001994569,0.00005294177,0.0001031393,0.00003380056,0.00007635425],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3565541,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999809,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03412839737367043,"score_gpt":0.2486942664559798,"score_spread":0.2145658690823094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}