{"id":"W2791385925","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2017.00070","title":"The Virial Factor and Biases in Single Epoch Black Hole Mass Determinations","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Israel Science Foundation; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Virial theorem; Supermassive black hole; Virial mass; Black hole (networking); Galaxy; Active galactic nucleus; Quasar; Astronomy; Mass distribution","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001400737,0.0001016371,0.0001207301,0.00007819857,0.0003996192,0.0001640896,0.0001445534,0.00001753253,0.00001375209],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001677664,0.00007577321,0.0000215645,0.0002752212,0.001272428,0.0003036496,0.0000511777,0.00008781742,0.000002733824],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001927495,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005032903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009058891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007493563,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991961,0.00004208956,0.0001407731,0.0002347365,0.0000931119,0.0002932261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996775,0.0001017477,0.00005894713,0.00008919862,0.00001917084,0.0000534202],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002039877,0.0001032891,0.8726043,0.000002303028,0.00001365255,3.397967e-7,0.001315463,0.001092787,0.0007093411,0.009638758,0.0008337594,0.1136657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003038306,0.00136635,0.7155361,0.0001643815,0.000039424,1.661043e-7,0.04901442,0.09467945,0.004450583,0.05085512,0.07973249,0.001123255],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.954826,0.00005119917,0.041894,0.0006491865,0.0002385753,0.0001373146,0.00001392668,0.000005620272,0.00218419],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9817221,0.000002605542,0.01777236,0.00001369447,0.0001989684,0.00001393152,0.0000019983,0.000003564472,0.0002708051],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1570682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4688312,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02088911777784833,"score_gpt":0.2494214564284282,"score_spread":0.2285323386505799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}