{"id":"W2793080924","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2018.1431534","title":"Direct player observation is needed to accurately quantify heading frequency in youth soccer","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Research in Sports Medicine","topic":"Sports Performance and Training","field":"Medicine","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Heading (navigation); Computer science; Statistics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004337746,0.0002162884,0.0005822514,0.001551812,0.0001217044,0.00001737109,0.00017355,0.0001692537,0.0009466285],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003859566,0.0001698399,0.00004159211,0.00272865,0.0002857157,0.0002880965,0.00006093524,0.0007348524,0.00009913578],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002952823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003304036,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006194248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003953539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962747,0.00003701373,0.0007359625,0.0005605822,0.001443437,0.0009483237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985465,0.00009939267,0.00008119474,0.0005064608,0.0004018311,0.0003646583],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004667311,0.0001137444,0.9586574,0.00009462152,0.00001272531,0.0005979146,0.02360418,0.00000368632,0.002692371,0.0001038401,0.00283411,0.01081864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002456066,0.0007914204,0.9750087,0.003610397,0.00001725829,0.00002485221,0.01177171,0.0003720394,0.002974767,0.0001614345,0.002615566,0.0001957596],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9714842,0.000244635,0.000009955127,0.01064213,0.0003394562,0.000786506,0.000003614428,0.00005559507,0.01643386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945052,0.000240822,0.0002882521,0.00298633,0.001095315,0.00004242838,0.00007218992,0.00004229312,0.0007271444],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02302098,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999666,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4276997632905976,"score_gpt":0.4925804662923086,"score_spread":0.064880703001711,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}