{"id":"W2793234470","doi":"10.1007/s00426-018-0990-y","title":"Finger-counting habits, not finger movements, predict simple arithmetic problem solving","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychological Research","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Arithmetic; Simple (philosophy); Computer science; Mathematics; Algorithm","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004380614,0.0002938897,0.0004250135,0.0002328516,0.0006460543,0.0002367227,0.0006742818,0.0002203224,0.004294246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009154634,0.0002185538,0.000131275,0.000756303,0.0006192328,0.0001866086,0.0007118742,0.0008656505,0.001851566],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001335443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004302319,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002021021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001660144,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951916,0.0002934372,0.0006800846,0.0008473517,0.001653805,0.001333721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948154,0.003548294,0.0001175832,0.0005057862,0.0007121213,0.0003008333],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00109235,0.01283453,0.01221349,0.001607578,0.0005975179,0.0005065568,0.006077789,8.343944e-7,0.04165423,0.1633186,0.3881885,0.3719081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001017355,0.001119389,0.01771626,0.0004051505,0.00001532156,0.00002191706,0.0003730035,0.0003046737,0.007210101,0.963536,0.007779188,0.000501636],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7562674,0.00007110696,0.00783656,0.001397213,0.0001650689,0.001334823,0.00002242479,0.0003273739,0.2325781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9472129,0.0000291746,0.04744097,0.0007871611,0.0004917349,0.0001459004,0.00000953965,0.0000513983,0.003831242],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8002174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991917,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1992904056054661,"score_gpt":0.4583840722507988,"score_spread":0.2590936666453327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}