{"id":"W2794505308","doi":"10.5539/eer.v8n1p18","title":"Oxygen as a Torrefaction Control Parameter","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Environment Research","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Torrefaction; Biomass (ecology); Inert gas; Materials science; Combustion; Pulp and paper industry; Pyrolysis; Environmental science; Process engineering; Chemistry; Composite material; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000433641,0.0006790648,0.0004236198,0.0004480537,0.0004015256,0.0007850036,0.0009236337,0.0004432231,0.003926496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008106469,0.0001714924,0.0001654013,0.0004017094,0.0002616285,0.0009054944,0.0004036358,0.0005250571,0.0007607003],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005994396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002338126,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007405889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001132943,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994697,0.00003471054,0.00003349835,0.0001607255,0.0002419675,0.00005938752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996223,0.0001259046,0.00006103509,0.00005069434,0.0001227957,0.0000172816],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007678585,0.0001301769,0.001468556,0.0004764356,0.00001731101,0.0001293774,0.000117835,0.002983298,0.9390293,0.00159685,0.001041167,0.05224181],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004213085,0.0002804501,0.001764594,0.00001851193,0.00002481152,0.00009631182,0.00003422033,0.01375498,0.9618517,0.0002510548,0.02185694,0.00002433591],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7724619,0.006513813,0.1791661,0.0008033465,0.001411239,0.0006221477,0.00224275,0.005288218,0.03149059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9734331,0.0008447953,0.01719876,0.0001636081,0.00006645545,0.0001467561,0.0004770955,0.0002675373,0.007401774],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003926496,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01313543,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01593245608958445,"score_gpt":0.2440880163648667,"score_spread":0.2281555602752823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}