{"id":"W2794570248","doi":"10.3847/1538-3881/aabae3","title":"Kepler’s Earth-like Planets Should Not Be Confirmed without Independent Detection: The Case of Kepler-452b","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Bishop's University","funders":"","keywords":"Planet; Planetary habitability; Artifact (error); Exoplanet; SIGNAL (programming language); Terrestrial planet; Planetary system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005561753,0.0002427098,0.0003360604,0.00004431502,0.0006832563,0.0001063768,0.0003803201,0.00005577648,0.001202703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000146152,0.0001386,0.0001775488,0.00006528848,0.0004786738,0.00008354682,0.0001204207,0.0006888016,0.0000733061],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002281911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008150942,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000557843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000238778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984648,0.0001931264,0.0004643566,0.0002113691,0.0002468411,0.0004195543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986523,0.0003940279,0.0003360631,0.0003692536,0.0001000662,0.0001482819],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001071393,0.0001525446,0.946931,0.000007367302,0.001503916,0.00003819681,0.002217443,0.0004126529,0.0007109395,0.0007957183,0.004466343,0.0416925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004372983,0.001092971,0.9188514,0.00005303504,0.000755339,0.003494459,0.005788858,0.002433232,0.01360368,0.0006418171,0.04820836,0.0007038171],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896522,0.0000643517,0.001637817,0.001534851,0.001026796,0.0002145905,0.00002806718,0.00001343839,0.005827938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965377,0.00000436731,0.0001512138,0.0001658114,0.002723832,0.00000638348,0.000006166685,0.00001912658,0.0003853735],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04374202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997103,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03353003419040124,"score_gpt":0.2655776702978786,"score_spread":0.2320476361074774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}