{"id":"W2794710575","doi":"10.1257/mac.20160236","title":"Wages, Human Capital, and Barriers to Structural Transformation","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Journal Macroeconomics","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Human capital; Agriculture; Economics; Sample (material); Labour economics; Large sample; Demographic economics; Geography; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008985209,0.000344463,0.0007666338,0.0004634299,0.0007130624,0.0004030071,0.000435007,0.00008186157,0.001251746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007295995,0.0004343085,0.0001614736,0.00009381219,0.0006182159,0.00105592,0.00009628584,0.0003409715,0.00143614],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005926094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001002044,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008616337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005271039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973943,0.00003273358,0.001205666,0.0006723774,0.00001901323,0.0006759164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977375,0.00004183503,0.0008417756,0.0004150367,0.00003225652,0.0009315416],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002885723,0.00003570898,0.3823102,0.00004170148,0.0005909185,0.000009290547,0.01534533,0.0004809304,0.0004678837,0.5506804,0.005144337,0.04460473],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004752794,0.003327955,0.2112756,0.00004197556,0.00007616538,0.001477105,0.007975323,0.005014952,0.002165997,0.4641882,0.2956191,0.004084787],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842793,0.0002269257,0.0005957918,0.003008726,0.00125671,0.0002642264,0.0002278757,0.00004494806,0.01009553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953701,0.0001816376,0.001162583,0.001840927,0.00116671,0.00001323975,0.00001096135,0.00006006366,0.0001937911],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2904748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998109,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01163716130165271,"score_gpt":0.2316624375325702,"score_spread":0.2200252762309175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}