{"id":"W2794995886","doi":"10.1101/256982","title":"Ethical Shades of Gray: Questionable Research Practices in Health Professions Education","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","topic":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Government; U.S. Navy; U.S. Department of Defense","keywords":"Scientific misconduct; Psychology; Research ethics; Misconduct; Gray (unit); Medical education; Data collection; Public relations; Medicine; Alternative medicine; Political science; Social science; Sociology; Psychiatry; Law; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"domain":"methods","study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"domain":"methods","study_design":"design_other","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.02600232,0.0002314232,0.0004497603,0.0005795688,0.00079183,0.0001388946,0.0009220174,0.003537644,0.0001510559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01843913,0.0002417709,0.0000707057,0.001195685,0.0009463563,0.0002839767,0.0004002953,0.009877468,0.00006305681],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008766642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0195432,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03380307,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001023596,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9916263,0.004905597,0.0007468297,0.0007334652,0.001244637,0.0007432302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947086,0.001116576,0.001170642,0.0006208651,0.002064354,0.000318967],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001632721,0.001807551,0.117715,0.003643307,0.0001227905,0.00001313087,0.00826571,0.0000206013,0.0206581,0.7883121,0.05924716,0.00003129297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008418593,0.0004160696,0.2581795,0.02305321,0.00009085092,2.917427e-8,0.005815611,0.0003845646,0.02466397,0.008013566,0.6762772,0.002263586],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8759161,0.005274798,0.00057403,0.1068329,0.005418696,0.00381463,0.0001921505,0.0003798725,0.001596826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903127,0.001986016,0.00556324,0.000579706,0.001209495,0.0002333575,5.649513e-7,0.00003488248,0.00008004762],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7802985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977559,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09381003052914959,"score_gpt":0.4270375882168546,"score_spread":0.333227557687705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}