{"id":"W2795368490","doi":"10.1155/2018/3868716","title":"The Numerical Simulation of Hard Rocks for Tunnelling Purposes at Great Depths: A Comparison between the Hybrid FDEM Method and Continuous Techniques","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Civil Engineering","topic":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Nuclear Waste Management Organization","keywords":"Excavation; Brittleness; Geology; Finite element method; Computer simulation; Discrete element method; Quantum tunnelling; Geotechnical engineering; Fracture (geology); Structural engineering; Mechanics; Engineering; Materials science; Simulation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005119689,0.0002937087,0.0003204654,0.000367589,0.0002403952,0.0004400205,0.0006913369,0.0007460727,0.001245761],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001214678,0.0002005168,0.0002904603,0.00032008,0.0004216251,0.0004256876,0.0004058012,0.0003389111,0.0001574468],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002750197,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004582607,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004479424,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003474654,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998965,0.00003305299,0.000005839999,0.00001059787,0.00003971135,0.00001423442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993217,0.0004879628,0.00004630541,0.00004401019,0.00007089319,0.00002911788],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001153257,0.0001100767,0.003009563,0.0001502745,0.00002282213,0.0001394565,0.000220358,0.9412321,0.01515338,0.00398656,0.0002831952,0.03557685],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001021556,0.00002127156,0.0002412655,0.000005723426,0.00000177726,0.0000202365,0.00002002305,0.9983211,0.0008360517,0.0001670114,0.0003515194,0.00000381161],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3985165,0.0005451222,0.5921506,0.0001933694,0.00006735685,0.0001138857,0.0001805434,0.0005188023,0.007713783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8180581,0.0003442786,0.1792115,0.00003523232,0.00001451948,0.0001511665,0.00009563547,0.00005326734,0.002036179],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004479424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008906722,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01710678149169451,"score_gpt":0.2902963921015618,"score_spread":0.2731896106098673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}