{"id":"W2795391975","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2018.03.050","title":"Growth mechanism of primary needles during the solidification of chromium carbide overlays","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Materialia","topic":"Advanced materials and composites","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; American Welding Society Foundation","keywords":"Materials science; Carbide; Chromium; Diffusion; Alloy; Chromium carbide; Metallurgy; Kinetics; Overlay; Work (physics); Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007119103,0.0001022727,0.00018422,0.00003020904,0.00003926525,0.00001995303,0.0001750132,0.00004388997,0.0001028451],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007131021,0.00007967791,0.000028197,0.00005488224,0.00005321193,0.0001132636,0.00005090831,0.00002242301,0.000008364164],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002585728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007142687,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005125935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001422224,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994271,0.00001681956,0.0002498643,0.00008827462,0.0000869771,0.0001309745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996002,0.000008734602,0.00008506427,0.0002372425,0.00005094662,0.00001778019],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002635027,0.000007930416,0.00001649698,0.0002372495,0.00001812623,2.086125e-7,0.0002505088,0.000009651259,0.9968182,0.002479099,0.0001250906,0.00001103492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001487806,0.00002875786,0.004731121,0.00003373874,0.00001431764,0.000002745707,0.00003232027,0.00006598652,0.9934993,0.001226038,0.0001334082,0.00008344294],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968945,0.00003504916,0.0002833895,0.00001372289,0.00149336,0.0001065395,0.00003280148,0.00007389218,0.001066778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990131,0.00004867059,0.0005636618,0.000008467231,0.0002598541,0.00001128486,0.000009372757,0.00002493372,0.00006065852],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004714624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3249171,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005860524478485047,"score_gpt":0.1825474232805985,"score_spread":0.1766868988021134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}