{"id":"W2795614125","doi":"10.1145/3173574.3173738","title":"Evaluating Attack and Defense Strategies for Smartphone PIN Shoulder Surfing","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"User Authentication and Security Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer security; Insider; Computer science; Internet privacy; Safeguard; Authentication (law); Component (thermodynamics); Business","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002364688,0.001121856,0.0004842018,0.001173475,0.0003618783,0.0009579394,0.0004957431,0.0008882945,0.001077271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01872194,0.0001671738,0.000344384,0.0003162255,0.0004544131,0.001344153,0.0006694362,0.0005608789,0.0004500322],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005218551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005179708,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001411748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001881796,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975661,0.0008687219,0.0002666338,0.0002549546,0.0008173455,0.0002263323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9852996,0.009119976,0.00196528,0.001147187,0.001850541,0.0006174346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01169278,0.00710128,0.2469303,0.003883118,0.0009385578,0.001111506,0.00314945,0.0916916,0.1435883,0.003717173,0.004939253,0.4812566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006327829,0.08295987,0.2532381,0.00054892,0.001188618,0.002253564,0.004135091,0.5427653,0.1018032,0.00252104,0.007638232,0.000315386],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936097,0.0003982136,0.00338658,0.00007141443,0.0000234965,0.000219792,0.00009632937,0.0002171833,0.001977372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996039,0.0001315837,0.003123621,0.0000316432,0.000006659801,0.00004797321,0.0001171707,0.000008824436,0.0004935273],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002364688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01250583,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1434993127621039,"score_gpt":0.393510463288412,"score_spread":0.2500111505263081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}