{"id":"W2796452566","doi":"10.1002/2018ea000370","title":"Production of Sulfates Onboard an Aircraft: Implications for the Cost and Feasibility of Stratospheric Solar Geoengineering","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Climate Change and Geoengineering","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Pratt and Whitney Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Stratosphere; Environmental science; Geoengineering; Sulfate; Radiative forcing; Sulfate aerosol; Sulfur; Aerosol; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Chemistry; Climate change; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003099137,0.00005103475,0.00006245781,0.0000132047,0.0001752773,0.00001804772,0.00009738592,0.00001292173,0.00001703436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009567198,0.00003762029,0.000009172488,0.0003080812,0.0006939408,0.0002426878,0.00005316409,0.00002689169,7.436478e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000771089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000929017,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000749846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002154685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994971,0.000003856529,0.00007687184,0.0001913686,0.00008413459,0.0001466576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996626,0.00002706446,0.00003403672,0.0001842669,0.0000319962,0.00006004368],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001367083,0.00002811866,0.1541569,0.00003036767,0.000002177764,2.793058e-8,0.001225078,0.002106381,0.8273839,0.0002079134,0.00002327724,0.01482213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000707404,0.000164273,0.9197626,0.0000072248,0.00000571687,0.000003153664,0.0002875082,0.01172464,0.06754355,0.0001048316,0.0002661872,0.00005953856],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971967,0.00009168281,0.00191129,0.0003997915,0.0000737305,0.0002712846,0.000005484839,0.000009348725,0.00004072607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971563,0.000076925,0.002696665,0.000007510967,0.00002375745,0.000006158122,5.566991e-7,0.000002567838,0.00002961121],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7656057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2556854,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0317870061923371,"score_gpt":0.2692320775700586,"score_spread":0.2374450713777215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}