{"id":"W2797658049","doi":"10.3390/molecules23040868","title":"Production of Flocculants, Adsorbents, and Dispersants from Lignin","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Molecules","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":111,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Northern Ontario Heritage Fund Corporation","keywords":"Dispersant; Lignin; Flocculation; Adsorption; Pulp and paper industry; Waste management; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Dispersion (optics); Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003458173,0.0002458347,0.0005964807,0.00004358974,0.00001568306,0.0000143154,0.0001342817,0.0001933354,0.000009350496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001635508,0.0002110626,0.0001061508,0.00007981376,0.00005247413,0.00002737054,0.00004670354,0.0001195119,0.00003042159],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002205643,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000157969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008994891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001261048,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992256,0.00001625311,0.0002640785,0.0002510645,0.0001081173,0.0001348593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995703,0.00001599699,0.00006416415,0.0002834292,0.00001660323,0.00004948106],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002843195,0.00009236359,0.0000443656,0.07225114,0.001563325,0.00003299008,0.0003649694,0.00000528638,0.006602457,0.00002487052,0.1635467,0.7554687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001011842,0.00001396466,0.0000064873,0.01284544,0.0005556989,0.00001353723,0.00001940761,0.00003033713,0.07722501,0.00004117108,0.9086598,0.0004880374],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009631873,0.9973398,0.000007698189,0.000001497755,0.0003866364,0.0001370789,0.00009526932,0.00008403749,0.0009847892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008726515,0.9981472,0.0002997998,0.000001749265,0.0003208416,0.00001570531,0.0001698188,0.00005256802,0.0001196543],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7549807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8606881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0175447279694266,"score_gpt":0.2482460733688854,"score_spread":0.2307013453994587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}