{"id":"W2797689619","doi":"10.1126/science.aaq0917","title":"Bystander risk, social value, and ethics of human research","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Bystander effect; Value (mathematics); Research ethics; Environmental ethics; Psychology; Social psychology; Computer science; Psychiatry; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.09132399,0.001013291,0.002291905,0.003133196,0.007101501,0.019129,0.003104609,0.01610724,0.004075151],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1149872,0.0008129082,0.0007991879,0.00135309,0.133839,0.02332379,0.008110734,0.01711875,0.0005069557],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008255447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01037431,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002577381,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002848119,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9223335,0.05295923,0.002633073,0.005038565,0.01485823,0.002177474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7550165,0.2000787,0.0110988,0.01691466,0.01149339,0.005398029],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001905303,0.00003169099,0.0004794759,0.00006441765,0.00002420087,0.00006308308,0.001981315,0.0002169512,0.0001233496,0.9912294,0.001533441,0.004233641],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001037429,0.00001139141,0.0001746343,0.0000669509,0.000005639366,0.00004511005,0.0006666938,0.0002619255,0.00005580205,0.9948296,0.003858544,0.00001335236],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03707915,0.01752192,0.1256357,0.6499088,0.002915275,0.0002179118,0.00009509072,0.00009369383,0.1665325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9303424,0.003953359,0.02048537,0.03276816,0.005996653,0.0003514914,0.00003224917,0.00008911351,0.005981292],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9838927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4829732,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2677803125401644,"score_gpt":0.5702290490259757,"score_spread":0.3024487364858113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}