{"id":"W2798608906","doi":"10.22329/il.v26i1.429","title":"Argument Strength, the Toulmin Model, and Ampliative Probability","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Informal Logic","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Explication; Warrant; Argument (complex analysis); Epistemology; Rebuttal; Demonstrative; Mathematics; Mathematical economics; Philosophy; Law; Linguistics; Economics; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01891467,0.0008497083,0.001495553,0.005565701,0.003268202,0.007029205,0.002761804,0.005604578,0.007656464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05561219,0.0008132228,0.001880862,0.00250396,0.02883995,0.02067472,0.00769086,0.005678062,0.0009642104],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005539978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002271576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008596473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007721952,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9852437,0.0070463,0.0009190729,0.002146355,0.003683553,0.0009610789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9330963,0.04883096,0.00583174,0.006209901,0.004272853,0.001758194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008294766,0.000005063077,0.0001082211,0.00002742155,0.000006333695,0.00002465292,0.0001927085,0.0002021594,0.0000431267,0.9981846,0.0002491536,0.0009482258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009442527,0.000005511239,0.00007759092,0.00001968053,0.000006954963,0.00003252197,0.00006983519,0.0007641611,0.00008018144,0.9971733,0.001755613,0.000005072826],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09503306,0.003933221,0.5294783,0.0603628,0.0006041548,0.0002710066,0.0002816368,0.0002715574,0.3097642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9550223,0.0008303467,0.03507676,0.002065562,0.0005716993,0.0003072348,0.00006394483,0.00008267724,0.005979417],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01891467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1000316,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1341784629378023,"score_gpt":0.2676152908657354,"score_spread":0.1334368279279332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}