{"id":"W2800515685","doi":"10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.05.002","title":"Canadian, European and United States new drug approval times now relatively similar","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Fraser Institute; Canadian Institute for Health Information","funders":"","keywords":"Food and drug administration; Medicine; Drug approval; Quartile; Drug; Environmental health; Internal medicine; Pharmacology; Confidence interval","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001980967,0.0002881234,0.0005664817,0.002133909,0.00202449,0.006025384,0.000466412,0.001927663,0.02554136],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01165137,0.0002217631,0.0007065493,0.002993263,0.0009917392,0.00161156,0.0005834995,0.003015616,0.001886673],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02755693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01665778,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.741195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8672512,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977462,0.0001343206,0.00007876458,0.0002627796,0.001266344,0.0005116253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993056,0.001590654,0.0009905195,0.0001815772,0.00309566,0.001085643],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"evaluation","domain_candidate":"evaluation","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002996267,0.0001583175,0.03665046,0.0005243952,0.0004391471,0.0004295724,0.001457151,0.007150987,0.003386191,0.3047825,0.4558987,0.1861265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000160035,0.0001525766,0.2793917,0.0001644081,0.0002991259,0.0004353203,0.002308883,0.002320665,0.00197026,0.01362083,0.6990446,0.0001315687],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1952048,0.03496866,0.005357038,0.08975445,0.003244151,0.00008824415,0.01761633,0.0006837059,0.6530825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7977076,0.008148065,0.002005552,0.0175878,0.0007943679,0.0000418519,0.007891461,0.0002595378,0.1655639],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.998019,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5206584,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03401939678412594,"score_gpt":0.2745235033958877,"score_spread":0.2405041066117617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}