{"id":"W2800810519","doi":"","title":"A Review of the Application of Numerical Modelling in the Prediction of Depth of Spalling Damage around Underground Openings","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)","topic":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Spall; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Numerical models; Forensic engineering; Environmental science; Mining engineering; Numerical modeling; Engineering; Structural engineering; Geophysics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009613317,0.0003501533,0.001376375,0.0002897457,0.00008218839,0.00003407004,0.001661683,0.0003299093,0.000005175571],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003449296,0.0002383937,0.0004871078,0.001164782,0.0001668836,0.0002167277,0.0001119621,0.0007100801,9.387242e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001078611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001972657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000134565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001292143,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971629,0.0001582746,0.001686847,0.000306971,0.0004411606,0.0002438675],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963741,0.0003888768,0.001213014,0.001757828,0.0002163903,0.00004980515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005805379,0.0002960001,0.0001616659,0.3303687,0.0007629798,2.786155e-7,0.0004437617,0.2987556,0.00003477231,0.06815231,0.0005961656,0.3004219],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003156295,0.00005942052,0.0004278582,0.05566271,0.001401726,0.0000280128,0.00005618885,0.2340498,0.0000202263,0.001717351,0.7057533,0.0005077625],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002514537,0.7276332,0.269417,0.00007719647,0.0000806187,0.00118035,0.00009408046,0.00005431885,0.00143816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07692964,0.9200918,0.002358955,0.00001073684,0.00005451157,0.0002973473,0.000170348,0.00005730066,0.00002937124],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7051571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9721414,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07362913308710303,"score_gpt":0.3120768379020011,"score_spread":0.2384477048148981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}