{"id":"W2802339044","doi":"10.5539/ies.v11n5p74","title":"Target versus Native Language Use in Foreign Language Classes: Perspectives of Students and Instructors","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"German; Foreign language; Language assessment; Likert scale; Psychology; Mathematics education; Language proficiency; First language; Language education; Significant difference; English as a foreign language; Pedagogy; Linguistics; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002391207,0.000231455,0.0003358795,0.0007995025,0.002263043,0.004229892,0.0004660304,0.0008649391,0.002245794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005306041,0.0001944518,0.0002871696,0.0004904339,0.001671764,0.001734642,0.00188658,0.001393285,0.0003543362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001023753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001238307,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004172084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007249756,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976386,0.00113671,0.0001009387,0.0001979384,0.0004841097,0.0004416415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948528,0.002069746,0.0008035633,0.00007306316,0.0007263343,0.001474474],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006910338,0.0002583757,0.2092586,0.0001243759,0.00001613309,0.001326465,0.7626032,0.00003973393,0.002526534,0.0009284826,0.000848074,0.02200104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003048169,0.0001354955,0.04962707,0.00008550412,0.000007967097,0.0004601933,0.943441,0.00007226978,0.0004532177,0.0001126639,0.005585581,0.00001607616],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962366,0.0002720206,0.0001145742,0.0005489261,0.00001545091,0.000004577005,0.00001057452,0.00000232548,0.002794864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981486,0.000303479,0.00006473247,0.0002035667,0.000008893023,0.000006899267,0.00001102474,0.000003174354,0.001249675],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004229892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01264602,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06380580168576876,"score_gpt":0.3915047901018558,"score_spread":0.3276989884160871,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}