{"id":"W2802498945","doi":"10.1111/dom.13346","title":"Time trends and geographical variation in prescribing of drugs for diabetes in England from 1998 to 2017","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism","topic":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","field":"Medicine","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Health Foundation; Medical Research Council; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Medical Research Council Canada; Wellcome Trust","keywords":"Medicine; Metformin; Medical prescription; Diabetes mellitus; Drug; Type 2 diabetes; Drug class; Clinical trial; Pharmacology; Internal medicine; Endocrinology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003908627,0.0001595437,0.000501038,0.0004842071,0.00004282183,0.0000245327,0.00005849306,0.00009221188,0.00001622173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006332738,0.0001413437,0.00005273304,0.0002752357,0.00009636723,0.0001376237,0.00008072927,0.00006647319,0.000004007301],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000112359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008626258,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001308558,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009417523,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989395,0.00004412979,0.0002484858,0.0003300798,0.0001270866,0.0003107124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994643,0.000143056,0.00006145054,0.0001769095,0.00003643347,0.0001178393],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001059707,0.0004719559,0.9368724,0.0001240098,0.0002003822,0.000001093736,0.002796955,0.000001214899,0.01332046,0.0004085496,0.0002192257,0.04547775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003824889,0.0002181619,0.9777307,0.0001374187,0.0002699568,3.167731e-8,0.00001807149,0.001023373,0.004703825,0.0005808762,0.01135694,0.000135749],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975075,0.001107784,0.000008760027,0.0004345786,0.00009400351,0.0004696385,0.00006627988,0.00001938158,0.0002920752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979342,0.00008294507,0.001196186,0.0002785308,0.0001511259,0.00007216239,0.00008565542,0.00001234447,0.0001868148],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.045342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5763829,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008734570265024708,"score_gpt":0.2298333503780905,"score_spread":0.2210987801130658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}