{"id":"W280274962","doi":"10.15173/esr.v15i1.503","title":"Empirical Effects of Policy Induced Competition in the Electricity Industry: The Case of District Heat Pricing in Finland 1996-2002","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Studies Review","topic":"Merger and Competition Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); Electricity; Order (exchange); Electricity market; Monopoly; Industrial organization; Legislation; Distribution (mathematics); Market power; Electric power industry; Business; Natural monopoly; Economics; Market concentration; Market economy; Electricity retailing; Electric power distribution; Market structure; Power (physics); Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002021874,0.0002591731,0.0006149471,0.001546032,0.0007139107,0.001871995,0.0008213514,0.001076639,0.003442376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007993937,0.0002946289,0.0009549641,0.003644148,0.000939451,0.001178147,0.0009382085,0.001068834,0.0003946364],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00252796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001649544,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05202222,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04352031,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981328,0.0007075404,0.0001363209,0.0002870114,0.0003574395,0.0003789017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9840661,0.0102706,0.004176885,0.0002469618,0.0007466895,0.000492836],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000729158,0.0008219602,0.9481394,0.0005893245,0.0007225565,0.003169407,0.00173134,0.01335018,0.0006267173,0.007750799,0.003038393,0.0193308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008459731,0.0004204388,0.9780107,0.0001051095,0.0005425301,0.0003572838,0.004396928,0.01063394,0.0005637097,0.001243889,0.003603727,0.00003717331],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992207,0.00300861,0.0002905689,0.0003827873,0.00001418575,0.00002424091,0.000528496,0.000006055913,0.003537986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976335,0.001023933,0.00006901249,0.00003983238,0.00002350285,0.000009648883,0.0006181755,0.000001476946,0.0005809038],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05202222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1034389,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0541696755623555,"score_gpt":0.3181439880157448,"score_spread":0.2639743124533893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}