{"id":"W2804605546","doi":"10.5539/jel.v7n4p201","title":"Students’ Opinions about Their Ninth Grade Biology Textbook: From the Perspective of Constructivist Learning Approach","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cronbach's alpha; Constructivist teaching methods; Ninth; Mathematics education; Psychology; Perspective (graphical); Constructivism (international relations); Teaching method; Mathematics; Psychometrics; Developmental psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003401749,0.0001851251,0.0003474434,0.0009304438,0.0005463812,0.001798559,0.0003468784,0.0006286716,0.001258448],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007756494,0.0001752269,0.0004048696,0.0006130817,0.0008069251,0.0007757339,0.00082147,0.0009071947,0.0002641655],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009102026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008131578,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001486707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002371488,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978812,0.0006788264,0.000217757,0.0001375119,0.0008643402,0.0002202322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948355,0.001763479,0.001188685,0.0001191503,0.001527609,0.0005656463],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002904388,0.0005805478,0.7435344,0.0005369138,0.00007514842,0.001035788,0.1606206,0.0007105874,0.01327234,0.001283898,0.00129926,0.07675999],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000357271,0.001419587,0.6495889,0.0003616264,0.00008789808,0.0007270649,0.3270228,0.001754264,0.005045983,0.0009236882,0.01291908,0.0001133355],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975706,0.0001192503,0.0004830074,0.0002363077,0.000009660464,0.00002041944,0.00001826995,0.00000314435,0.001539392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986382,0.000166135,0.0003350081,0.00008240905,0.000004751191,0.00001725325,0.00002998727,0.000001778946,0.0007243686],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003401749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01799041,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05935553262224207,"score_gpt":0.4273294389268052,"score_spread":0.3679739063045631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}