{"id":"W2805720782","doi":"10.2134/ael2018.04.0018","title":"Preferential Flow in Vertisolic Soils with and without Organic Amendments","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","topic":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Vertisol; Macropore; Infiltration (HVAC); Soil water; Soil science; Manure; Environmental science; Water flow; Tillage; Hydrology (agriculture); Chemistry; Geology; Agronomy; Materials science; Geotechnical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001495854,0.000201959,0.0001356376,0.00003035271,0.00005276608,0.00003386977,0.00007935888,0.00005506985,0.0001046136],"category_scores_gemma":[6.174996e-7,0.0001321762,0.00001602286,0.00008374358,0.00009749064,0.0002074924,0.00003113393,0.0001468192,0.0001070313],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000107337,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001107663,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001448443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005719134,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992265,0.00001422867,0.0001251682,0.0002098312,0.0001384002,0.0002859138],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998111,0.000004840616,0.00001693684,0.00009121004,0.00000145757,0.00007450944],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001793396,0.00002390534,0.03030095,0.000007823766,0.00005050107,0.000003743277,0.0004800396,0.000375583,0.9664558,8.521035e-7,0.0006568872,0.001625935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001214742,0.0001436687,0.9351773,0.00004412767,0.00003375531,0.00005190256,0.0001685456,0.001230231,0.06104392,0.000002099191,0.0004763426,0.000413357],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992208,0.00006007919,0.00003090109,0.0001204553,0.0001321843,0.0001397217,0.00000783947,0.00008177708,0.000206253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992376,0.0000509308,0.000208654,0.0002381533,0.0001347672,0.0000154302,0.00004579097,0.00002040871,0.0000482615],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9054119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5389987,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003347115940065001,"score_gpt":0.1531215891989553,"score_spread":0.1497744732588903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}