{"id":"W2806142733","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2017-0184","title":"Effect of changes in management practices and animal performance on ammonia emissions from Canadian beef production in 1981 as compared with 2011","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","topic":"Odor and Emission Control Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Manitoba","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Beef Cattle Research Council; Industry Canada","keywords":"Feedlot; Distillers grains; Manure; Animal science; Manure management; Beef cattle; Environmental science; Grazing; Pasture; Ammonia; Herd; Tonne; Productivity; Silo; Agronomy; Chemistry; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005287996,0.00009840834,0.0001752528,0.0006214015,0.0001083558,0.00003171565,0.0002887153,0.00004588811,0.00004725647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003609854,0.00007310178,0.0000107628,0.0004377611,0.0003083602,0.0002695483,0.00001745747,0.0002202402,0.000003613357],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002489657,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003920908,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1559027,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4702866,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991168,0.00001598972,0.000170079,0.0001856073,0.0001887154,0.0003227872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992081,0.00004417913,0.0001669321,0.0001124368,0.00007378429,0.0003945499],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001362048,0.00003079783,0.2215044,0.0001016905,0.00002407164,0.0002613906,0.001211845,0.0002712708,0.7528042,0.0001380303,0.0003087273,0.02198145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009325689,0.004440801,0.683527,0.001141939,0.0000243142,0.00006823739,0.0007371146,0.00313673,0.3043581,0.00002065676,0.001383074,0.0002294845],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974008,0.00008621417,7.116482e-7,0.001440916,0.00006332913,0.0001290108,0.000003585235,0.000005402333,0.0008700038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996387,0.00002334608,0.0002433983,0.00002028901,0.00004483614,0.000003189286,2.654041e-7,0.000005178182,0.00002076155],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4620225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8497182,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01540758607304524,"score_gpt":0.2558157231530699,"score_spread":0.2404081370800246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}