{"id":"W2806324801","doi":"10.17118/11143/12324","title":"From presumptions of fact to presumptions of causation: reflections on the perils of judge-made rules in Quebec medical malpractice law","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Revue de droit Université de Sherbrooke","topic":"Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Causation; Law; Malpractice; Medical malpractice; Burden of proof; Epistemology; Political science; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001056507,0.0001414528,0.0003911442,0.0001888271,0.0003107429,0.000005276593,0.0003994447,0.0003484368,0.006358566],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002687791,0.0001331467,0.0001220797,0.0004112042,0.0002120389,0.0002092486,0.0001458757,0.0007781977,0.0001035023],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008407187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004690654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08781448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1378074,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973577,0.0008713495,0.0006817839,0.0002798811,0.0004441205,0.0003651169],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9939375,0.004608653,0.0003770348,0.00061307,0.0001889327,0.0002748011],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002040072,0.001962325,0.08044709,0.001375279,0.0003764407,0.000114819,0.08457831,0.001447413,0.02082194,0.7971069,0.008018625,0.001710828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002168621,0.0004649302,0.347021,0.003935071,0.0004705995,0.0000197288,0.04338397,0.0007995396,0.002735421,0.007947458,0.5906203,0.0004333529],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9033154,0.00007562583,0.0006650347,0.02177555,0.0001315918,0.0006443639,0.000108697,0.00003225611,0.07325153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986275,0.0003822088,0.0009100636,0.0007654855,0.0002161251,0.00003917316,0.00003314345,0.00001882208,0.01135998],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7891594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9945498,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06189903601607766,"score_gpt":0.3803835787678427,"score_spread":0.318484542751765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}